I just finished Peter Godfrey-Smith's new book, Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness and really enjoyed a late chapter where he discusses inner-speech. For sometime now I have mentioned my idea that octopus coloration does mean something but maybe it is individual to each animal. Since they only rarely live in groups and cannot see the colors they display, it would be difficult for them to create a common language but what if their many nerves display something as they "think" so that a particular pattern becomes relevant to that animal but not others. A bit of my own crazy thinking and I don't know how you would go about testing it