Cephalopod Eggs and Hatchlings

Soybean lecithin dietary supplementation in Octopus vulgaris formulated feeds: Growth, feed efficiency, digestibility and nutritional composition
Tania Rodríguez‐González, Jesús Cerezo Valverde, Benjamín García García 2018 (full article)

Abstract

Soybean lecithin dietary supplementation was tested on Octopus vulgaris performance in individual or grouped kept animals. Individually reared animals were fed two semi‐moist diets (N = 8) without (VEGENAT‐LS0) or with supplementation (VEGENAT‐LS2, substituting 20 g/kg of starch by lecithin). VEGENAT‐LS2 had higher polar and total lipid content (p < 0.05). Growth (1.1%–1.3%BW/day), feed intake (2.2%BW/day) and feed efficiency (48%–60%) were similar (p > 0.05). VEGENAT‐LS0 presented higher dry matter, protein and lipid digestibility (p < 0.05). VEGENAT‐LS2 increased lipids in carcass and whole animals (p < 0.05) but preserved lipid classes proportion. Group kept octopuses (N = 10) were fed a mixed natural diet (2BOGUE:1CRAB) or VEGENAT‐LS2. VEGENAT‐LS2 had lower protein but higher polar lipid content (p < 0.05). VEGENAT‐LS2 presented less growth (1.1% vs. 1.8%BW/day), feed intake (1.8% vs. 3.2%BW/day) and similar feed efficiency (53.5% vs. 59.9%). Dry matter and protein digestibility were similar while lipid digestibility was significantly lower in 2BOGUE:1CRAB (31.8% vs. 65.4%). VEGENAT‐LS2 digestive gland presented higher mineral and carbohydrate contents and lower triglycerides (p < 0.05), while a similar macronutrient composition was analysed in the carcass and whole animals. Individual or group keeping did not affect VEGENAT‐LS2 performance. In conclusion, dietary soybean lecithin supplementation did not promote a performance enhancement.
 
On the relevance of vitamins C and E during embryonic and paralarval development of Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus
Hernández J , Uriarte I. m Montes de Oca. Farías A.

Highlights


Under normal embryonic development culture, vitamin C levels decrease significantly.

Under hypo-osmotic stress, the vitamin C content of embryos is reduced significantly and vitamin E seems unaffected by this stress condition.

Paralarvae fed with vitamin C-enriched Artemia did not show significant differences in survival, growth or vitamin E content, only displaying higher vitamin C and E content at 21 DAH.
 
Toxic effects of ammonia on the embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis
Rui‐Bing Peng. Mao‐Wang Jiang. Chen Huang. Xia‐Min Jiang 2019 (full Aquaculture Research article)

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen on the embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/L) of total ammonia–nitrogen (TAN) during incubation. The developmental rate, malformations, mortality, hatching rate, incubation period, yolk utilization efficiency ratio, and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish were determined. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen significantly inhibited the development of S. pharaonis embryos and induced malformations and even death. Hatching was delayed, the hatching rate was reduced, mortality and the incubation period increased, and the yolk utilization efficiency ratio and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish significantly decreased in a dose‐dependent manner after the embryos were exposed to more than 1 mg/L TAN for prolonged period. These variables could be used as an integrative biomarker or indicator of aquatic environmental ammonia contamination. In summary, our results indicated that ammonia caused toxicity in the embryos. When the concentration of TAN is greater than 1 mg/L, ammonia levels should be reduced to prevent toxic effects on embryonic development.
 

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